Ecological predictions lead to the discovery of a benthic–limnetic sympatric species pair of threespine stickleback in Little Quarry Lake, British Columbia

نویسندگان

  • J. L. Gow
  • D. Schluter
چکیده

Sympatric species pairs of benthic and limnetic threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L., 1758 complex) are an important example of the role of ecology in speciation in nature. Four endemic pairs are known and each appears to have diverged independently as a consequence of adaptation to alternative environments. Using specific ecological and physical attributes hypothesized to be important to their evolution, we focused a search for further species pairs. Now, two decades after the last discovery, we describe another benthic–limnetic species pair from Little Quarry Lake on Nelson Island, British Columbia, Canada. Bimodality of genetic admixture values provides evidence of strong reproductive isolation between two morphological and genetic clusters, supporting the existence of a sympatric species pair within this lake. Close correspondence in shape to extant benthic and limnetic species pairs confirm their status as such. The remarkable similarity between them and other benthic and limnetic species pairs in levels of morphological differentiation, as well as extent of admixture and hybridization, points to similar processes underlying their origin. This discovery serves as an important reminder of the specificity of ecological factors that promote and maintain biodiversity, as well as the value of habitat conservation. Résumé : Les paires d’espèces sympatriques benthique et limnétique de l’épinoche à trois épines (complexe de Gasterosteus aculeatus L., 1758) constituent un exemple important du rôle de l’écologie dans la spéciation en nature. On connaı̂t quatre de ces paires endémiques et chacune semble avoir divergé de façon indépendante à la suite d’une adaptation à des environnements de rechange. En utilisant des caractéristiques écologiques et physiques considérées par hypothèse comme importantes dans cette évolution, nous avons ciblé notre étude sur la recherche de nouvelles paires d’espèces. Maintenant, deux décennies après la dernière découverte, nous décrivons une nouvelle paire d’espèces benthique–limnétique du lac Little Quarry sur l’ı̂le Nelson, Colombie Britannique, Canada. La bimodalité des valeurs de mélange génétique constitue une indication d’un fort isolement génétique entre les deux groupes morphologiques et génétiques. ce qui appuie l’existence d’une paire d’espèces sympatriques dans ce lac. Une forte correspondance de forme avec les paires d’espèces benthiques et limnétiques connues à ce jour vient confirmer leur statut similaire. La ressemblance remarquable entre cette paire d’espèces benthique et limnétique et les autres au niveau de la différenciation morphologique, ainsi que l’étendue du mélange et de l’hybridation, font croire que des processus similaires peuvent expliquer leur origine. Notre découverte constitue un rappel important de la spécificité des facteurs écologiques qui favorisent et maintiennent la biodiversité et de la valeur de la conservation des habitats. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2008